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Executive Summary

The major contributor to the economic development of a country is the construction industry and the economic impact is dependent on efficient and effective choices of the delivery project sector. This is because it directly affects important performance measures including cost, productivity, quality, and the safety of project execution. To create a framework for the design, procurement, and construction processes, various parties participating in a project are given different roles, which is referred to as the delivery approach technique. There are many different delivery methods, from the conventional way to contemporary Construction Project Management (CPM) and technical advancements like the use of BIM.

Introduction

Building information modeling is a model-based approach that provides knowledge and tools for designing, and maintaining infrastructure. BIM is considered for document-based construction projects. Every component of a building is modeled in BIM. BIM models are frequently used for analysis and to explore additional design possibilities, which results in visualization that gives stakeholders a preview of the building's appearance before it is constructed. This is considered the main factor why the model for BIM is used to produce the documents for construction. As per the data report of 2019, it has been noticed that 2/3 of those BIM project has been completed successfully. As per UN reports it has been noticed that the people who uses BIM technology will be around 10 billion. The architectural engineering and design industry considers smart and efficient ways to design buildings to keep up with good demand and create spaces that are resilient and smarter. BIM helps in capturing data created during the process to benefit operation and maintenance activities. This is the BIM case in which across the globe it is well established for collaboration process in the construction industry. The owners and stakeholders are considerably increasing while using BIM services considering engineering firms, architects, and construction managers. Construction firms are increasing day by day using bidding, preconstruction, and post-construction activities.

What is BIM

The construction division has long been on the post for innovative strategies to apply innovation for speedier, superior, and more reasonable results. One of the foremost interesting advances to enter the standard in later a long time is building information modeling or BIM. Within the upcoming few long time, BIM will likely get to be increasingly predominant in development ventures. Virtual simulations can be made utilizing building data modeling for arranging, planning, and development. BIM's 3D visuals, time models, and fetched models are rapidly uprooting customary 2D planning. According to a recent Smart Market Report, over the next two years, contractors anticipate a 50% rise in projects using BIM technology. It is now possible to construct virtually. BIM plays several roles in the construction planning process, including cost estimation and visualization.

major benefits of BIM

FIG 1 : major benefits of BIM

Project Delivery

BIM, or building information modeling, is a great tool for perception. It offers a virtual, dimensional outline of the structure. The construction manager can offer renderings, walkthroughs, and sequencing of the show all through the project's offering process to way better pass on the BIM concept in 3D. A more prominent thought of the potential last item can be picked up through perception. It dispenses with having to think through how to combine different routine 2D sees to make a 3D representation of detail. The designer and the owner may also be given virtual mock-ups of labs or the building envelope. By doing so, it would be easier to envision, comprehend, and decide on the space's beauty and functioning. It is possible to extract quantities from a building information model into an Excel file or a cost database. The model, however, cannot be used to determine pricing. The ability of the cost estimator to analyze a material's components and their installation is necessary for cost estimates. The cost estimator may require more element breakdown if pricing for a specific activity is not accessible in the database to provide more accurate pricing. For instance, the demonstration may take under consideration the level of complexity for the rebar, formwork, structure, concrete, etc. but not incorporate it as a portion of the amount of a concrete pour movement is taking put. In arrange to calculate the unit estimating, which is made up of the unit fabric taken a toll, unit work taken a toll, overhead, and benefit, fetched estimators may require this degree of detail from the show. Whereas the unit fabric fetched is the entire fabric costs brought about for the movement per unit, the unit work fetched is decided by the preparation and installation times as well as the work wage. Once the unit cost has been come to, the whole amount taken from the BIM and the unit cost can be multiplied to discover the fetched of the complete operation. The information yield in a building data demonstration is fair as great as the information admissions. The constructor and the designer's agreement on component definitions are greatly pivotal. For instance, the amount of data for the roof will not be suitably accounted for within the show if a planner employments a concrete chunk to speak to the roof for displaying purposes. In general, the BIM innovation is an excellent device for expanding the efficiency of the estimations through amount extraction from the demonstration, particularly if the building and plan groups collaborate.

BIM Standards

Currently, BIM is one of the most respected methods for carrying out construction projects. This is because under BIM, the planning and design processes are documented, and three-dimensional objects are now not just for drawings. BIM across the facility offers benefits throughout the whole construction cycle. BIM is being used more and more by project managers and contractors for construction management. The following are some of the tasks played by management in the construction industry: 1. Verifies the Constructability of a Design 3D models, the foundation of BIM, offers benefits for the construction phase, particularly if the building design or the site circumstances are complicated. It is simpler to choose the ideal method of construction when you can visualize the finished product. Before the project starts being built, it can also assist in locating any potential conflicts between different parts, stages, trades, or even site features. With the use of BIM models, site logistics such as temporary machine storage areas, office buildings, construction materials, cranes, structures of support, and temporary roads may be better planned and understood.

BIM Effect on communication with construction projects

FIG 2 : BIM Effect on communication with construction projects

BIM Maturity Level

In BIM, the project's 3D show includes subtle elements of the project's materials, merchandise, and execution necessities. Contractors can effortlessly compute the amounts by producing an amount report or maybe of locks in a partitioned, time-consuming take-off movement. In comparison to utilizing 2D drawings, establishing a cost estimate for project tendering is faster, quicker, and more accurate when the quantities and specifications data are directly extracted from the model. The export of data into tendering or estimating programs is also made simple and dependable by using BIM software using open BIM data exchange interfaces. The capacity to plan and recreate the construction preparation electronically is another imperative advantage of BIM for construction administration. This empowers a few choices to be tried sometime recently the work is begun and can help in deciding the best building arrangement for complex ventures. It is additionally supportive for assessing how long each building task will take, permitting the creation of a correct development timetable. Underpins Off-Site Development and Construction Construction and measured development are being used more frequently on ventures to speed up development, lower costs and fabric squander, boost quality, and oversee work costs. Prefabricating parts of the extension gets to be more commonsense when there's more detail early in the planning stage. Utilizing BIM for building administration empowers temporary workers to have an accurate, up-to-date record of the development stage instead of depending on reexamining as-built drawings. Building data is centralized and made readily accessible for office administration laborers by upgrading the data within the BIM demonstrated as the development proceeds. The asset's whole life cycle, including any upcoming renovations or demolition work, as well as its ongoing maintenance and operation can be covered by the model. This can be a substantial time saver for contracts that include a building operation component.

Overview if BIM Implementation

BIM offers excellent exactness, but as it were on the off chance that information is consolidated into the show with the desired level of tall detail. The level of detail within the three-dimensional (3D) show is pivotal since of this. The show must include data on the properties of the fabric, the parameters of the extent, family parameters, portion properties, unit costs, and provider data. Geometrical (shape and measurement), topological (space), basic, and other information are all included in 3D models. Semantic information alludes to all non-geometric information and is avoided from ordinary 2D models (Gimenez et al., 2015). Conflict Recognition Clash detection is done to look for issues before the project's building phase. BIM allows for significant time savings because it may be completed automatically using the 3D model. More crucially, using conventional 2D-based workflows, many issues aren't found until the job site. Conflict identification using BIM enables issues to be fixed before the commencement of construction, saving money and time. Once more, a higher level of information in the BIM model is necessary for more precise conflict identification (Bagdonas, 2014). Scheduling using BIM (4D Model) Scheduling and activities that are time-integrated are directly related. Different scheduling techniques are used by businesses throughout the planning stage, building stage, or monitoring stage. The Critical Path Method (CPM), Gantt charts, and bar charts are a few of the most used techniques. Companies use computational technologies in the area of building nowadays. Schedules and reports can be generated by several programs. BIM enables the linking of tasks in the schedule and building components in the 3D model to produce the 4D model. It demonstrates greater activity visualization and aids in fostering improved project professional communication. The capacity to monitor and regulate the construction to save time and lower the overall cost is the main benefit of 4D models. The job site's logistics and resources are likewise managed under this paradigm. A crucial visualization of the 3D model over time throughout the construction stage is provided by the construction simulation offered by BIM software (such as Navisworks). The alteration of color, which represents a shift in activity, improves visualization. The integration of cost data into the BIM model is known as BIM-based Cost Estimation (5D). Along with quantity takeoff, cost estimation serves as the primary financial criterion for construction projects. Making quantity take-offs and cost projections during the preliminary design phase is crucial. Before construction begins, it creates an outlook, and if costs exceed the budget, the plans can be revised and adjustments made. Making these estimates properly and accurately is crucial. Here, the BIM approach is quite helpful because it almost immediately saves time and effort by using detailed calculations. If all necessary data is present in the model, BIM generates precise computations. For each type of component, the unit cost is provided as input to the BIM program to perform these predictions. Environment (6D) Meeting performance standards become challenging and expensive if sustainability research is not done early in the design process. Sustainability and performance analysis may be carried out at every level of the design process with the use of BIM technology. Experts from different fields can conduct their assessments simultaneously without interfering with one another. Contractors can be added to the project to regulate site conditions, logistics, or supply chain, while architects and engineers can do building mass, light, or energy assessments. The minimization of carbon footprints is the primary objective of 6D models. When designing, energy and carbon targets can be taken into account by integrating the BIM model with tools for energy analysis. In addition to looking at energy sources, sustainability analysis also takes into account the preservation of water resources, the use of sustainable materials, cutting back on material consumption, and the use of materials that have been recycled. Management of facilities (7D) For life-cycle facility management, the 7D integrated BIM model was created. The as-built model from the BIM model used during building is transferred to the operation and maintenance stages. According to McArthur (2015), there are four major problems in integrating BIM into facility management. The primary aspect is to continually update the BIM model by gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data.

BIM Execution Plan

For the study's purposes, a three-story building project was analyzed. First, Revit was used to generate the architectural model. The model was stored together with the project details. On the Floor Plan and 3D model, ACE 2018 5 automatically generated the structural framework. The structural model was finished with the addition of a foundation and reinforcing features after the design of architectural columns, floors, walls, stairs, barriers, windows, doors, and roofs. By including model details, schedules for both models were made, and sheets were created. The building's 3D model in Autodesk Revit is displayed.

ARCHITECTURAL MODE, B

FIG 3 : A.ARCHITECTURAL MODE, B. STRUCTURAL MODELC.REINFORCEMENT MODEL

BIM Project Delivery

Then clash detection was carried out. The 3D building demonstration was changed over to Navisworks for strife location. The demonstration can be traded from Revit to Navisworks utilizing an add-in. Revit trades the model utilizing this add-in, in any case not all properties are naturally changed. To change over Revit properties into Navisworks properties, the Convert Component Properties check box within the Navisworks settings must be chosen. The structural show too should be spared in the IFC arrangement. Taking after this method, the basic IFC show can be included in the Navisworks demonstration and the building show may be opened in Navisworks. The two models must be in line with one another. As a result, a composite model is created using the models. The "Clash Detective" tool is used to carry out collision detection. The model has 598 collisions. All clash statuses must be checked as "Approved" to redress the show. When the mouse is floated over each struggle, the reenactment appears the clashes. Color coding was utilized to highlight all collisions. Models from numerous disciplines (counting structural, auxiliary, mechanical, and electrical ventures) can be combined into a single model utilizing Revit and Navisworks. Struggle discovery can assist you to dodge and discover issues earlier in construction, which can assist you with spare time and cash. An intersection of a bar and column appears in Figure 2a.

CLASH DETECTION AND NAVISWORKS MODELING

FIG 4 : CLASH DETECTION AND NAVISWORKS MODELING

This study examined the effects of BIM procedures on project management using a BIM-based paradigm for construction projects. This is why a three-story building was chosen for the case study. The case study illustrates how BIM enables the efficient sharing of a 3D project model that contains the relevant semantic data for all procedures that were examined as part of the study's scope. It should be emphasized, nevertheless, that creating a model with all the necessary data can be difficult for less experienced users. It is evident that if the model has all the necessary information, automatic generation of Floor Plans, Ceiling Plans, 3D Views, Perspectives, Elevations, Sections, Renders, Schedules, and Quantities is possible. Additionally, managers can save money by identifying conflicts, mistakes, or flaws in the project early on in the design phase, before construction. The advantages of BIM technology span the full life and start with conceptual design. Construction project design and implementation are made easier by BIM, which also offers a collaborative environment. Several studies demonstrate that BIM-based models are more time- and money-efficient than traditional building techniques. This study sheds light on the potential applications of BIM technology.

Common Data Environment Proposal

The idea of using BIM in construction projects is not new, but the CQM approach for using BIM is based on the most recent best practices. Therefore, CQM advises starting the Single BIM Model as soon as possible; as a result, the Project Sponsors and the Owner must take the initiative. The A/E will assist the owner in beginning the BIM Model in the Conceptualization Phase by supplying a 3D model that would be utilized to build all subsequent Design and Construction Drawings, as illustrated in the above flow chart. As soon as the preconstruction phase begins, the team of construction project management professionals will help the BIM 4D Model add the fourth dimension of time. At this point, the CQM Manager will begin his review to create the site-specific quality plan.

The fifth dimension for cost is included as soon as the construction phase begins to cost load the model and create a 6D BIM model. The most extensive usage of BIM in the implementation of CQM occurs during the construction phase. With the cooperation of all suppliers and subcontractors, the Supply Chain Management Coordination is carried out during the BIM Level of Detail and Development stages of LOD 350 and LOD 400. Requests for Information, also known as RFIs, are created as soon as design defects are found to stop manufacturing and the construction phase from having quality non-conformances. By visualizing the activities of the Work Break Down structure for each Installation Work Package (IWP), the CQM Methodology uses the BIM 5D Model in the development of the Advance Work Packaging process. By contributing their knowledge and experience as Input and using the produced IWP to Quality Control their activity as the CQM Manager uses it to Apply CQM and ensure the excellence of the construction project, the SCM will work together and contribute to the growth of the 5D BIM Model.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROPOSAL FOR BIM

FIG 5 : ENVIRONMENTAL PROPOSAL FOR BIM

Plan of Work Proposal

The 6D BIM Model is then taken a further step in improving the Facility Management needs and requirements as Construction Closeout documents are developed for better Operation and Maintenance of the Facility in the Asset Management phase for better Business Outcomes as defined in the Business Case during the Conceptualization Phase.

The Business Intelligence Dashboard developed through a 7D BIM Model would incorporate the CQM KPI as defined in the CQM Business process.

WORKFLOW  FOR BIM

FIG 6 : WORKFLOW FOR BIM

Conclusion

Enhanced efficiency and integration are two advantages. A project team must conduct thorough planning in the early phases of a project to successfully implement and attain these benefits. BIM use, however, is not without its difficulties and dangers. If project participants lack the bare minimum of training and knowledge about BIM technologies and the corresponding outputs, the project may become fragmented as a result of the disparity in experience and competency levels. All project participants must have continuous BIM training to use BIM. Any participant who falls short of the minimum competency standard will be unable to contribute in a meaningful way to the project. A mismatch in how the various ICT tools are classified would also make it impossible to share information and result in needless and time-consuming mistake management. Therefore, rather than promoting greater integration and efficiencies, the adoption of BIM could be the root of fragmentation and other issues if it is not effectively applied. Despite these drawbacks and obstacles, BIM is proving to be a very useful and effective tool for all phases of building projects, supporting the most important components of the projects. As a result, BIM is gradually turning into a required and common technology in the construction sector.

References

Liu, Z., Jiang, L., Osmani, M. and Demian, P., (2019). Building information management (BIM) and blockchain (BC) for sustainable building design information management framework. Electronics, 8(7), p.724.

Abdirad, H. (2015). Advancing in building information modeling (BIM) contracting-Trends in the AEC/FM industry. AEI 2015: Birth and Life of the Integrated Building Conference, March 24-27, pp 1-12,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Aðalsteinsson, G. Ó. (2014). Feasibility study on the application of BIM data for facility management. Master Thesis, Department of Construction Management, Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland.

Alashwal, A. and Fong, P.,( 2015),” Empirical Study to Determine Fragmentation of Construction Projects. Alizadehsalehi, S., Koseoglu, O., & Celikag, M. (2015). Integration of building information modeling (BIM) and laser scanning in construction industry. AEI 2015: Birth and Life of the Integrated Building Conference, March 24-27, pp 163-174

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