Colon Cancer and Diet Report Answer

Introduction

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that initiate in the large intestine in the colon. It is the end part of the digestive tract that is affected by diet and multiple factors. The initial stage of cancer involves the beginning of small benign clumps called polyps, and after some time, it grows into colon cancer (Angiletta et al. 2018). Various risk factors will be acting behind the progression of colon cancer where a diet of low fibre, high-fat diet or diet having highly processed meats are found to be responsible for colon cancer. In this, nutrition plays a both causal and protective role in the development of colon cancer. The main aim of the study is to review the nutritional factors that play a major role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The study will discuss the factors contributing to colon cancer and impacting biological mechanisms. It will take an overview of how nutritional factors like the Mediterranean diet trigger change in the metabolism of the system.

Colon Cancer and the Role of Diet/Nutrition

Colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer the present and second and third leading cause of mortality in men and women. The risk of developing colon cancer is very high due to following a diet that is high in protein, fats and other components. Formation of Trimethylamine N-oxide and circulation of concentration in the system is increasing the risk of cancers (Coutinho-Wolino et al. 2021). There are two studies where the first two studies imply the association between serum TMAO risk with colon-cancer and the third study is found to be linked with serum choline. According to current research, it is found that dietary strategies reduce the concentration of TMAO by making the influence the release of TMA in the gut microbiome. Consumption of a mediterranean diet is linked with the increased consumption of legumes, fruits and vegetables, cereals and oil. Following a specific diet will bring the option of keeping control over dietary behaviour by making the blend of food, religion, economic and culture by which the sake of consideration of factors. The outcomes can be controlled by population (Griffin et al. 2019). This study aims to perform the analysis of samples with the inclusion of the clinical data of healthy subjects with the fasting serum concentration of TMAO. The subjects are found to be at a high risk of colon cancer and were randomised to follow the Mediterranean diet.

Sample Population

The population involved in the study comprises 120 participants who are at high risk of colon cancer, have a BMI of 18.5-35 kg/m2 and finished six months of participation. A serum sample of participants has been collected from the participants who completed the clinical trials.

Randomization has been performed for the people who will be having a health concious diet based on the dietary recommendation of 2010 or either following a diet for six months. The parameters will consist of consuming a percnetgae less than 35 per cent of full caloric intake, less than 10 per cent of saturating fats and facing 2 servings of fruits and vegetables every day. The program will be defining the “ratio of 1:2:5” for saturated: pufa: and other fatty acids.

The goal is to evaluate changes in the concentration of colonic eicosanoids. flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed where the blood and unprepped colon biopsies are collected before and after 6 months of intervention. In addition, the data for each subject is taken at each point in time at a sum of 4 days at a time of 6 months. There is an alteration seen in terms of carotenoids and fatty acids, the collected data will be analysed with the use of a nutrition data system. It is the research software that is making the list of factors that are influencing the progression of colon cancer.

Study Duration and Methodology

The duration of the study is 6 months and the data is collected pre and post-delivery of the intervention that is making the change in blood and serum levels. Dietary intake data is collected for 6 months that is 2 recalls, and two- written records each time. In addition, there are unannounced recall calls done by the 5-pass method. “Nutrition Data System for Research software” is used to analyze data. It allows for tracking the composition of nutrients in meals and recipes. It will analyze the dietary habits of individuals. The software makes the precise calculation of the nutrients by taking data on each ingredient.

References

Angiletta, C.J., Griffin, L.E., Steele, C.N., Baer, D.J., Novotny, J.A., Davy, K.P. and Neilson, A.P., 2018. Impact of short-term flavanol supplementation on fasting plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations in obese adults. Food & function, 9(10), pp.5350-5361.https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO00962G

Coutinho-Wolino, K.S., de F. Cardozo, L.F., de Oliveira Leal, V., Mafra, D. and Stockler-Pinto, M.B., 2021. Can diet modulate trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production? What do we know so far?. European journal of nutrition, pp.1-18.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02491-6

Griffin, L.E., Djuric, Z., Angiletta, C.J., Mitchell, C.M., Baugh, M.E., Davy, K.P. and Neilson, A.P., 2019. A Mediterranean diet does not alter plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations in healthy adults at risk for colon cancer. Food & function, 10(4), pp.2138-2147.https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO00333A

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